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Monday, 6 February 2023

What is the idea of rebirth research?




Rebirth -The four elements compose the body. Rebirth of what and Rebirth of whom? Here we may consider the first, Rebirth of what. 

Rebirth - The Four Elements : They are 
  • Prithvi
  •  Apa
  • Tej and 
  • Vayu. 

Question is when the human bodies dies what happens to these four elements? 

They join the mass of similar elements floating in Akash(Space).  

When the four elements from this floating mass join together a new birth takes place (Rebirth). 

The elements need not and are not necessarily from the same body which is dead. 

They may be drawn from different dead bodies. It must be noted that the body dies. But the element are ever living. 
  
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Rebirth Philosophy

Take the five sense of 
  1. sight,
  2. sound,
  3. smell,
  4. taste and 
  5. touch-each with its own particular province and range of function, separate and mutually distinct. 

Rebirth of what and REBIRTH of whom? 

Here we may consider the first ,Rebirth of what. There are four elements of existence which compose the body. 
 

Heat And Energy : What ultimate base have they? who enjoy all their five provinces and NECESSITY.


 "On what does five faculties of sense depends? "On vitality". 


On what does vitality depends on? "On heat".

 On what does heat depends?" On vitality".

Just as in case of lamp,the light reveals the flame and the flame the light ,so vitality depends upon heat and heat depends on  vitality.

                     
But there can be no doubt. that heat means energy. What happen when the body dies?

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What is the main basic idea of karma?


Rebirth History


The body ceases to produce energy

Death also the means that whatever energy that had escaped from the body joins the general mass of energy playing about the universe . 

In one of its aspects it mean cession of production of energy

In another aspects it means a new addition to the stock of general floating mass of energy .


That's why believed in the regeneration of matter and not in the birth of soul. 

Energy is never lost. 

That is what science affirms .

Annihilation in the sense that after death nothing is left would be contracy to science. 

For it would mean that ENERGY is not constant in VOLUME.


The resurrection speculations in various customs inside Hinduism depend on their basic suspicion that spirit exists (Atman, attā), rather than Buddhist supposition that there is no soul.

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Rebirth Symbol 

Hindu conventions believe soul to be the perpetual unceasing quintessence of a living being, and in a large number of its mystical and non-mystical conventions the spirit stated to be indistinguishable with Brahman, a definitive reality.


Thus while both Buddhism and Hinduism acknowledge the karma and resurrection principle, and both spotlight on morals in this life just as freedom from resurrection and enduring as a definitive profound pursuit, they have an altogether different view on whether a self or soul exists, which impacts the subtleties of their separate resurrection theories.


Resurrection and karma teaching in Jainism vary from those in Buddhism, despite the fact that both are non-mystical Sramana traditions.

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Rebirth Definition


Jainism, rather than Buddhism, acknowledges the primary presumption that spirit exists (Jiva) and is associated with the resurrection mechanism.


Further, Jainism thinks about that the resurrection has a beginning, that resurrection and redeath cycle is a piece of a movement of a spirit, karmic dust particles radiate from moral or exploitative goal and activities, these karmic particles adhere to the spirit which decides the following birth. 


Jainism, further affirms that a few spirits can never accomplish freedom, that moral living, for example, Ahimsa (peacefulness) and plainness are intends to freedom for the individuals who can achieve freedom, and that freed spirits arrive at the endless siddhat(edified express) that closes their resurrection cycles.

Conclusion -

Jainism, similar to Buddhism, likewise trusts in domains of birth and is represented by its significant Swastika sign,With moral and good speculations of its lay works on focussing on acquiring great Rebirth.





What is the moral standard of ahimsa?



Moral Standard Ahimsa - In Yoga Sutras peacefulness is called moral standard ahimsa. It is intimately connected with"KARUNA" and "MAITRI"



Moral Standard Ahimsa - In yoga, peacefulness is the main moral guideline talked about in the Yoga Sutras, the basic philosophical content that advanced yoga has developed out of. 

Peacefulness is called moral standard ahimsa. , and it in a real sense signifies "to not be lion-like" or "not to murder". 

It is the act of restriction of any brutal or negative motivations that could hurt another. 

To be honest, it's generally simple to consider not actually hurting some other person or thing.

We realize we shouldn't hit others or damage the climate, and we even may consider "not harming a fly". 

It's solid and obvious, and accordingly straightforward peacefulness(  moral standard ahimsa) in that specific situation. 

An all the more testing part of ahimsa, in any case, isn't hurting ourselves. 

This goes a long ways past actual damage: it contacts every one of our musings, words, and deeds. 

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  Ahimsa or non killing forms 


It is a very important part of teaching.

Ahimsa is a very important in every human being life,but in many Religion indicate or shows it many different ways. 

Was Ahimsa only a principle?or was it a rule?. 


People find it different to accept Ahimsa a s an absolute obligation.

They say that such a defination of Ahimsa involves the sacrifice of good for evil, the sacrifice of "Virtue" for vice.

              
This is an important question which must be taken into account.

The monk of CEYLON fought against and asked the people of CEYLON to fight against the foreign invaders,on the other hand the monk of" BURMA " refused to fight against the foreign invaders and asked the "BURMESE" people not to fight .


The " BURMESE" people eat eggs but not fish .The"GERMAN" BUDDHIST association passed a resolution by which they accepted all the" pauchsila" except the first which deal with AHIMSA. 

BRAHMINISAM has in it the will to kill.JAINISM has init the will never to kill .

This is the position about doctrine of AHIMSA.          

The first circumstantial evidence on the point is that there is no objections to eating meal if it was offered to him  as a part of his alms .

The monk can eat meat offered to him provided he was not a party to the killing of it.

There is another piece of evidence which is more direct than circumstantial which all most amount to a defination of AHIMSA,that love all so that you may not wish to kill any.

This is the positive way of sting the principle of AHIMSA.

There is no ban killing where there was nothing but will to kill .What banned was killing where there was nothing but will to kill .

Put it differently distinction between principle and rule.

A principle leaves you freedom to act.

A rule does not.RULE either breaks you or you break the rule.

So understood there is no confusion in the BUDDHIST doctrine of AHIMSA .It is a perfectly sound or moral doctrine which everyone must RESPECT.

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Peacefulness Is love, The control of Ahmisa


One of the issues with a thought like peacefulness is that, at whatever point you consider it, what's your opinion about? 

That's right, you think about the viciousness that shouldn't do. So I like to consider ahimsa thoughtfulness.  

Ahimsa as having "a more extensive positive importance – love." 

So ahimsa is truly about consideration and love to all creatures, and in this article, we're taking a gander at benevolence and love towards ourselves. 

Graciousness and love require discipline. 

We might be very acceptable at training ourselves to go to work, to make our bed, to do the dishes – however how focused would we say we are at being caring and adoring towards ourselves? 

I utilize the word discipline eagerly here, not as the type of discipline, but rather as a responsibility that includes 
  1. restriction and 
  2.  practice.

Following quite a while of negative self-talk, it takes a decent piece of control to change our inward demeanor to one of benevolence and love for ourselves. 

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Limitation And Self-Pardoning


At whatever point you have an unfortunate propensity, it's a test to stop the undesirable conduct and supplant it with an attractive one. 

We should keep ourselves away from smoking or indulging – that is restriction. 

It takes determination to stop the terrible conduct. 

In case you're the kind of individual that over-plans, 

  • drives yourself to depletion, 
  • or activities to overabundance, 
  • possibly to actual injury, 
  • at that point the act of ahimsa might be to train yourself to chill out, 
  • say no, 
  • rest, 
  • or unwind. 

In any case, in case you're bound to simply remain at home on the love seat, or return to rest as opposed to give your body the development it needs, it will take limitation to shield from slithering back under the sheets. 

Try not to trick yourself into believing that ahimsa is just about tenderness – being really wanting to yourself may require uneasiness to improve your wellbeing or resolve a contention in a relationship. 

We should be happy to be awkward in the event that we are to dominate ahimsa. 

The control of ahimsa – 

  • Towards ourselves or others – requires limitation of the hurtful conduct and practice of what is thoughtful, cherishing, and mending, such as doing yoga, going for a stroll, or preparing solid food. 
  • We work on supplanting those negative contemplations and practices with acknowledgment, sympathy, and consolation. 
  • It doesn't occur incidentally – we practice constantly the new conduct for quite a long time and years until it is entrenched.

Be that as it may, watch out for the brain while rehearsing ahimsa. 

As you endeavor to be all the more cherishing and kind in idea, word, and deed, you may reprimand yourself for missing the mark. 

It's anything but difficult to fall once more into propensities for self-analysis, causing hurt with your musings. 

In the event that you find that you're thumping yourself for by and by trying too hard in your exercise or snapping back at your youngster, would you be able to grasp yourself with empathy, consideration and love rather than chastisement

Perceive that you won't be awesome. 

Pardon yourself as opposed to taking care of oneself wrath that will just develop whenever you flounder.

As opposed to placing the energy into the amount you have missed the mark concerning being cherishing and kind, conceptualize how to react better next time – making inspiration out of a negative circumstance. 

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Regarding Yourself As You'd Treat Others 

Most importantly when we're ready to adore ourselves as we may be, pardon our mix ups, and treat ourselves with benevolence, it gets simpler to rehearse ahimsa with different creatures. 

A decent inner propensity bolsters a decent outer one.


At whatever point you pardon yourself for blowing up, consider another person whose outrage you can excuse. 

In case you're more patient with yourself, you'll see that holding up in a line at the supermarket won't madden you to such an extent.


Perceive that we're all people, attempting to put forth a valiant effort.


Conclusion -


 "This adoration [ahimsa] grasps all creation, for we are generally offspring of a similar [Divine Being]." Practicing moral standard ahimsa.  underpins each being on the planet in turning into their best. Counting yourself.

What is the main basic idea of karma?



KarmaInstead of saying that past karma is transmitted it should be better if it was said that past karma is inherited . Learn more types of karma.



Karma - If a man is born in a poor family it is because of his past bad karma. If a man is born in a rich family it is because of his past good karma.


If a man is born with a congenital defect it is because of his past bad karma.


This is a very pernicious doctrine,for in this interpretation of karma,there is no room left for human effort. Everything is predeterminated for him by his past karma.


This change of language enables us to test it by the law of heredity. At the same time it does no harm to the doctrine either to its den jure or facto connotation. 


This restatement make it possible to pose the questions which could not otherwise be posed and with to answering which the matter could not be made clear.
         

The first question is how is past karma inherited ?. 


What is the process?


The second question is what is the nature of the past karma,in the terms of heredity? 


Is it an inherent characteristic or ocquired characteristics? What do we inherit from our parent? 


Starting with science the new individual begins When a sperm enter the egg,fertilization consists in fusion of the head of the sperm with the nucleus of the egg. According to science a child inherits the characteristics of his parents.
         

              Suppose, a man were to steal another mans mangos,would the thief deserve punishment?  


Yes. But he would not have stolen the mango's the other set in the ground. 


Why would he deserve punishment? Because those he stole were the result of those that were planted .


Just so,this name and form commits deeds either pure or impure ,and by that karma another name and form is reborn.


And therefore is it not set free from its evil deeds? When deeds are committed by one name and form,what becomes of those deeds? 


The deeds would follow it,like a shadow that never leaves it.


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Buddhist law of Karma


As per Buddhism, there are five requests or cycles (niyama) which work in the physical and mental domains. 

They are: 

  1. Utu Niyama - actual inorganic request, for example occasional marvels of winds and rains. The unerring request of seasons, trademark occasional changes and occasions, reasons for winds and rains, nature of warmth, and so forth, all have a place with this gathering. 
  2. Bija Niyama - request of germs and seeds (actual natural request), for example rice created from rice-seed, sweet taste from sugar-stick or nectar, curious qualities of specific organic products, and so forth The logical hypothesis of cells and qualities and the actual similitude of twins might be credited to this request. 
  3. Karma Niyama - request of act and result, e.g., attractive and unfortunate acts produce relating great and awful outcomes. As clearly as water looks for its own level does as well karma, given chance, produce its inescapable outcome, not as a prize or discipline yet as an inborn grouping. This succession of deed and impact is as common and essential as the method of the sun and the moon. 
  4. Dhamma Niyama - request of the standard, e.g., the regular wonders happening at the coming of a Bodhisattva in his last birth. Attractive energy and other comparable laws of nature. The regular explanation behind being acceptable, etc, might be remembered for this gathering. 
  5. Citta Niyama - request or brain or mystic law, e.g., cycles of cognizance, emerging and dying of awareness, constituents of cognizance, intensity of brain, and so forth, including clairvoyance, telaesthesia, retro-perception, hunch, perceptiveness, clairaudience, thought-perusing and such other mystic marvels which are mystifying to current science. 

Each psychological or actual wonder could be clarified by these sweeping five requests or cycles which are laws in themselves.


 Karma as such is just one of these five requests. Like all other regular laws they request no lawgiver.

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Nature of Karma 


In the working of karma there are pernicious and valuable powers and conditions to neutralize and uphold this self-working law. 


Birth (gati) time or condition (kala) foundation of resurrection or indicating connection to resurrection (upadhi) and exertion (payoga) go about as such incredible guides and obstacles to the realization of karma

Despite the fact that we are neither the totally the workers nor the bosses of our karma, it is obvious from these balancing and steady factors that the realization of karma is affected somewhat by 

  • outer conditions, 
  • environmental factors, 
  • character, 
  • singular endeavoring, etc. 

It is this convention of karma that gives encouragement, expectation, dependence and good boldness to a Buddhist. 


At the point when the startling occurs, and he meets with troubles, disappointments, and disaster, the Buddhist understands that he is harvesting what he has planted, and he is clearing off a past obligation. 


Rather than leaving himself, leaving everything to Karma, he puts forth an exhausting attempt to pull the weeds and sow valuable seeds in their place, for what's to come is in his own hands. 

He who trusts in karma doesn't denounce even the most bad, for they, as well, get their opportunity to change themselves at any second. 


Despite the fact that bound to endure in woeful states, they have any desire for accomplishing interminable Peace. 


By their own doings they have made their own Hells, and by their own doings they can make their own Heavens, as well. 

A Buddhist who is completely persuaded of the law of karma doesn't go to another to be spared however certainly depends on him for his own liberation. 


Rather than making any self-give up, or approaching any otherworldly office, he depends on his own resolution, and turns out ceaselessly for the prosperity and joy of all. This faith in karma approves his work and ignites his energy, since it shows singular duty. 

To the standard Buddhist, karma fills in as an obstruction, while to a learned person, it fills in as in motivator to do great. 


The person in question gets kind, open minded, and circumspect. This law of karma clarifies the issue of affliction, the authority of supposed destiny and fate of different religions and pretty much all the imbalance of humankind. 

There is another grouping of karma as indicated by the time wherein impacts are worked out: 

Quickly Effective (ditthadhammavedaniya) karma

Thusly Effective (uppapajjavedaniya) karma

Inconclusively Effective (aparapariyavedaniya) karma

Dead or Ineffective (ahosi) karma

Quickly Effective karma is what is knowledgeable about this current life. 


As per the Abhidhamma one does both great and evil during the javana cycle (thought-impulsion), which typically goes on for seven idea minutes. 


The impact of the principal thought-second, being the most vulnerable, one may procure in this life itself. This is known as the Immediately Effective karma

In the event that it doesn't work in this life, it is called 'Dead or Ineffective' karma

The following most fragile is the seventh idea second. Its impact one may procure in the aftereffect birth. This is called 'Along these lines Effective' karma

This, as well, is called Defunct or Ineffective karma in the event that it doesn't work in the subsequent birth. 


The impact of the transitional idea minutes may occur whenever until one accomplishes Nibbana


This sort of karma is known as 'Inconclusively Effective' karma

Nobody, not even the Buddhas and Arahantas, is absolved from this class of karma which one may involvement with the course of one's meandering in Samsara. 


There is no unique class of karma known as Defunct or Ineffective, however when such activities that should create their belongings in this life or in an ensuing life don't work, they are named Defunct or Ineffective karma

(D) The last characterization of karma is as indicated by the plane where the impact happens, in particular: 

Underhanded Actions (akusala kamma) which may mature in the aware planes (kammaloka). (Six divine planes in addition to one human plane in addition to four woeful planes = eleven kamaloka planes.) Here are just four woeful kamalokas. 

Great Actions (kusala kamma) which may age in the conscious planes aside from the four woeful planes. 

Great Actions (kusala kamma) which may age in the Realm of Form (rupa brahamalokas). There are four Arupa Brahma .

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Effect Of Karma


Obliviousness (avijja), or not knowing things as they genuinely may be, is the central reason for karma. Subject to obliviousness emerge exercises (avijja paccaya samkhara) states the Buddha in the Paticca Samuppada (Dependent Origination). 

Related with obliviousness is the partner hankering (tanha), the other base of karma. Detestable activities are adapted by these two causes. 


All great deeds of a worldling (putthujana), however connected with the three healthy foundations of liberality (alobha), generosity (adosa) and information (amoha), are in any case viewed as karma on the grounds that the two underlying foundations of obliviousness and needing are torpid in him. 


The ethical kinds of Supramundane Path Consciousness (magga citta) are not viewed as karma since they will in general destroy the two underlying drivers. 

Who is the practitioner of karma

Who harvests the product of karma

Does karma form a spirit? 

In responding to these inconspicuous inquiries, the Venerable Buddhaghosa writes in the Visuddhi Magga: 

"No practitioner is there who carries out the thing; 

Nor is there one who feels the organic product; 

Constituent parts alone move on; 

This undoubtedly! Is correct wisdom." 

For example, the table we see is evident reality. From an extreme perspective the alleged table comprises of powers and characteristics. 

For common purposes a researcher would utilize the term water, yet in the lab he would state H 2 0. 

In this equivalent manner, for traditional purposes, such terms as man, lady, acting naturally, etc are utilized.


The alleged brief structures comprise of psychophysical marvels, which are continually changing not continuing as before for two back to back minutes. 

Buddhists, accordingly, don't have confidence in a perpetual element, in an entertainer separated from activity, in a perceiver separated from recognition, in a cognizant subject behind awareness. 

Who at that point, is the practitioner of karma? Who encounters the impact? 

Volition, or Will (tetana), is itself the practitioner, Feeling (vedana) is itself the gatherer of the products of activities. Aside from these unadulterated mental states (suddhadhamma) there is nobody to plant and nobody to harvest. 

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Karma and Vipaka 


karma is activity, and Vipaka, natural product or result, is its response. 

Similarly as each article is joined by a shadow, even so every volitional action is unavoidably joined by its due impact. 


karma resembles possible seed: Vipaka could be compared to the natural product emerging from the tree – the impact or result. 


Anisamsa and Adinaya are the leaves, blossoms, etc that relate to outside contrasts, for example, wellbeing, affliction and destitution – these are unavoidable results, which occur simultaneously. Carefully, both Karma and Vipaka relate to the psyche. 

As karma might be fortunate or unfortunate, so may Vipaka, - the natural product – is positive or negative.


 As karma is mental so Vipaka is mental (of the psyche). It is experienced as satisfaction, rapture, despondency or hopelessness, as per the idea of the karma seed.


 Anisamsa are the associative preferences – material things, for example, flourishing, wellbeing and life span. 


  1. At the point when Vipaka's attendant material things are disadvantageous, they are known as Adinaya, brimming with horror, 
  2. and show up as destitution, 
  3. offensiveness, 
  4. sickness, 
  5. short life expectancy, etc. 

As we sow, we harvest some place and at some point, in his life or in a future birth. What we procure today is the thing that we have planted either in the present or previously. 

The Samyutta Nikaya states: 
  • "As indicated by the seed that is planted, 
  • So is the organic product you procure there from, 
  • Practitioner of kindness assemble great, 
  • Practitioner of abhorrent, evil procures, 
  • Down is the seed and thou shalt taste 

The organic product thereof." 

karma is a law in itself, which works in its own field without the intercession of any outer, free decision organization. 

Joy and wretchedness, which are the basic part of humankind, are the unavoidable impacts of causes. 


From a Buddhist perspective, they are not prizes and disciplines, relegated by an otherworldly, omniscient decision capacity to a spirit that has done great or malevolence. 


Theists, 

  • who endeavor to clarify everything in this and transient life and in the everlasting future life, overlooking a past, 
  • have confidence in a 'posthumous' equity, 
  • and may view present satisfaction and hopelessness as endowments and condemnations gave on His creation by an omniscient and supreme Divine Ruler who sits in paradise above controlling the predeterminations of mankind. 


Buddhism, which unequivocally denies quite an Almighty, All kind God-Creator and a subjectively made undying soul, puts stock in common law and equity which can't be suspended by either an Almighty God or an All-humane Buddha.


As per this common law, acts bear their own prizes and disciplines to the individual practitioner if human equity discovers. 

There are some who censure consequently: "Thus, you Buddhists, as well, regulate free enterprise opium to the individuals, saying: "You are brought into the world poor in this life because of your past detestable karma.


 He is brought into the world rich by virtue of his great karma. Thus, be happy with your modest parcel; yet do great to be wealthy in your next life. You are being abused now due to your past detestable karma


Conclusion -

There is your fate. Be unassuming and bear your sufferings quietly. Do great at this point. You can be sure of a superior and more joyful eternal life." 

The Buddhist teaching of karma doesn't elucidate such silly fatalistic perspectives. Nor does it vindicate a posthumous equity. 


The All-Merciful Buddha, who had no ulterior childish thought processes, didn't show this law of karma to secure the rich and solace the poor by promising fanciful bliss in an eternity.