Culture History World - Tradition And Research Topics.

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Culture History World - Art is not a culture history world but an important indicator about the culture history world of people. 

Culture History World- Is there are things known as Indian culture ? The answer depends on the definition that we give to the term Indian culture .

The meaning of  culture history world depends on the context .

When we say that universities should be centres of culture for the country We mean that University should show evidence of a higher level of intellectual development in Art Science etc, then the society that surround it. 

In the same sense we can consider am and cultured when he is above the average men around him in intellectual development and refinement of taste. 

The element of comparison in the above uses is absent or should be absent when we talk of any group or National culture .

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Culture History World Process 

African culture for the Muslim culture in India simply means the state of development with emphasis on the mind of the people in Africa or of the Muslim in India respectively .

This development is seem in the systems of values and goals of the people in the Institution and codes which they have designed to realise these values and goals, in the material objects used by them, and in the the their manners and manners of Life.

Similarly , civilization is different from culture sins it is mainly concerned with the state of material life and development of Technology .

In which sense, civilization is a part of culture or rather one another indicator of culture .

Different culture may be compared in specific aspect .

However, it is undesirable to claim Superiority to one's culture or to assign inferiority to another. 

Whenever we talk of Civilization we always mean high standard of material life and sense of superiority on the superiority of the material and Technology used one is automatically  implied .

But the same cannot be said of culture. 

Every Nation one community one hour sect has its culture .

To claim one culture or to disparage another is unbecoming of anyone who believes in the essential equality of mankind .

Again the the Ambit of a culture maybe as vague as we would like to make it .

You main talk about your family culture .

Normally , every section or community , identified on religious , sectarian , or class criteria , claims to have a culture of its own .

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Culture History World National Geographic 

Every geographical reason or Nation certainly had its distinctive culture .

We may even talked of Asian culture, European culture, African culture .

To world citizen universally human culture may already be in the the offing.

By Indian culture we mean the essential mental Ultra good and characteristic peculiarities which are generally shared by all Indians irrespective of their religious Linguistic and regional distinction. 

These mental trait and peculiarities need not be found in every Indian and there may be differences in the intensity of any trait between one Indian and another .

Undoubtedly Jade culture is a statistical concept and should be understood only in that light .

Cultured in it's broadest sense include mental traits, manner of Living Jade external objects associated with life , and institution in addition to goal and values and their symbols. 

So  in section 3 and 4 we discuss some aspect of temperament Bade mental qualities and values and Lifestyle , etc , that are characteristics of Indian .

Before we proceed further two qualifications may be useful. 

When we say that tolerance or religiousness is the characteristics aspect of Indian culture Jade we do not mean that now where else in the world you find the virtues. 

In fact ,  many of the effect of Indian culture form part of Universal human values .

So it will be parochial and unrealistic to claim any exclusive possession of the aspect of culture .

Secondly ,  certain aspect of culture are mentioned here because historically they have been held to be a part of the culture of the entire Indian subcontinent .

Traditionally , section of Indian have assumed for themselves the role of representatives of India and element of their culture have been conventionally projected as applicable to the whole of India .

So such elements have been accommodate with appropriate comments .

Finally , it is good to remember that Indian culture is complex and composite. 

This has been acknowledged by no less a person than Jawaharlal Nehru when he says , If look at India I find the annual growth of composite culture of Indian people .

This perspective is necessary so that the history and culture of our culture may be properly understood.

There are two theories on the evolution of culture .

According to one , the physical environment of human being in a society shapes their culture .

The Other theory say that the idea and Idol in the minds of men are the real foundation of culture and gradually main try to modify their environment according to their Idea and ambitions. 

Probably , both physical environment and human thoughts contributed , through continuous interaction led to the emergence of any culture .

Whatever may be the origin of culture, we consider the history of culture only after it has reached reasonably advanced states development app development .

Thus , for the first time did we notice The fountain head of the Indian culture in the Indus Valley Culture that prevailed between 3000 B. C.  and 2000 B. C. 

The people of the Indus Valley Culture had reached a very high state of Civilization .

After the sudden disappearance of the Indus Valley Civilization and the focus shifted to the extreme south where the Dravidian culture with its advanced social system , industries and trade furnished about 2000 B. C.

Their academic( Sangams) with Amy and literary men , spread over a long period, produces some of the finest pieces of ancient Tamil literature. 

Unfortunately historical records where new kept. 

However did the Dravidian culture has come down to us in an unbroken chain of succession and of course with the modification and adaptations introduced through centuries .

The next major stream of culture fluid into Indian from Central Asia .

The barrier of this culture where the the Aryans who came to India from fore of but settled , in course of time Z throughout Northern India , some of them even migrating further to the south .

Their original Rig Vedic culture underwent some changes in the encounter with the original inhabitants of the land but,  by and large their culture became the foundation of the Hindu culture that provided throughout Northern India and exercise its influence for and wide, including southern India , near east countries Sri Lanka etc .

In course of time, this culture was identified with the whole of India and to foreigner, the vedic Hindu culture represented the accident Indian culture in its entirely. 

The basic of this culture where the four Vedas, there commentaries, the brahmins and the Upanishad .

The main Legend of this culture are contained in the two epics, Ramayana And Mahabharata and the Purana. 

A Sanskrit, the original language of the Aryans begin to spread throughout India in the Limited circle only after it be came a dead language .

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Culture History World Examples 

The Buddhist religion that florist in India between  the 6 century B. C. Andy 6 century A. D. contributed the next major stream to Indian culture.

The Buddhist culture was an of shoot of the later Vedic culture but with certain basic differences .

That is why Buddhism became per different religion not another set of Hinduism .

Jainism which also Rose about the same period developed more or less like a set of Hinduism Buddhism introduced basic changing in the thoughts moral and mode of living of the people in many parts of the countries .

It was mainly through Buddhist and Jain missionary's that Hindus culture and Sanskrit where carried to the different parts of South India between the 3rd Century B. C. and the first century A. D.

A Remarkable and major culture 26 took place in India between the 6th and 10th century A. D.

There was an encounter between three distant culture which had maintained their identity very clearly till then .

They were the purani Hindu culture, the Buddhist culture and the Dravidian culture .

It is worth nothing that these three culture had received substantial state patronage for sufficiently long period before this fusions .

The distinct durable element of the Buddhist culture, especially ahimsa styles of painting and sculpture vegetarian etc were by the Hindu culture.

The Buddhist culture will not with stand the assault of the caste system and the popular attraction multiplicity of gods .

A Source will it lost its identity in the absence of state pattern age .

The Dravidian culture assimilated some of the major elements of the Puranic Hindu culture while retaining its separate identity. 

The Puranas religious tenant and Gods of Hindus culture slightly modified to accommodate the Dravidian legend, religious principles, and gods .

Does culture almost sketch out of this encounter what did Dravidian culture was substantially affected assimilating parts of the Aryans culture and maintaining the major aspect of its origin culture. 

Sanskrit was accepted along with the original language as one of the court language of scholar in South India .

It was a result of this fusion that the Bhakati cult rose in the south and prayed to the north.

Contact with Islam after the the tenth century and the Muslim rule in India for nearby sixth century did change the basic culture of India but the changes where more in the nature of mutual understanding and Accommodation than in the fundamentals .

But by this time the Indian culture, Nanak, Kabir and Ramanand communal harmony to the masses Sikkim was born out of the efforts to bring together Hindus and Muslims .

Two important culture consequences of the Muslim rule in India are worth nothing .

Persian and Arabic words where absorbed in the administrative language change you very much. 

Till then Hindu with various data and belonging to different state had been the only religious community of India is perfect for small pockets accommodating Jain, Parsis, Jews and Christians .

Low minority communities appeared on a large-scale everywhere .

In certain religion Muslims and six became the major it is communities .

The need for communal harmony became compulsive .

In addition we may mention that Hindustani culture common to Hindus and Muslim prevailed in the royal court and among the upper classes .

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Culture History World Emotions 

The impact of the English culture in India was marginal during the first part of the British rule in India .

Only when the English culture took in the element of modernization Indian where affected by the English culture .

The reaction of Indians to the modern European culture watch two - fold .

Some Indians decided to receive their ancient culture in a bid to stand against the modern European culture .

Some other wanted to assimilate the good features of the modern culture brought from Europe .

The compulsions of the time saw that the latter succeeded while the former are still fighting a losing battle .

When an irrational glorification of the past did not appeal to many Indians who wanted India to prosper in the modern world .

They will come the good features of modern culture while maintaining firmly rooted in the traditional India culture .

In the above brief history of Indian Culture we have certainly ignore the valuable contribution made by foreign culture from time to time and have confine our attention to the majors cultures of India .

This does not mean that the rest of India did not have their own culture or had little to contribute to the common culture of India .

Conclusion -

The culture history of India should draw our attention to the fact that Indian culture is composite and should win our admiration for the wonderful power of assimilation and fusion that its has displayed throughout history .

culture history world synthetic has been a continuous process in India.

Social Development - Skills, Issues And Theory.

 Good Morning Friend,

Social Development - Many top person make a career in social development.  social development is necessary in the society activities.

Social Development - Society in India , society in a simple language society main defined as a network of social relationship among people. It is good to remember that the term society does not refer to people or a group of people 

In fact society is a complex pattern of norms of interaction between people in a group.

Some have defined society  as a complex of farms process association and institution in a community .

Society has certain structure and functions .

The term community is generally used for a smaller group within a society .

Such a group has all tribute such as community for entertainment definite locality and concrete existence . In the living life in the society the  social development is essential to improve the poverty guideline.

Generally it is associated with faith customs natural solidarity and a common will where as a society is associated with public opinion fashion contractual solidarity private property and individual will .

Chief characteristic of Indian society are the caste system Agrarjan class structure urban classes multiplicity of months multiplicity of religion with free dominance of Hinduism variety of regional culture the joint family system spiritual Outlook and superstitions stream resistance to change in traditions and value etc .

While the Indian society is built on the above mentioned foundations Rapid changes that have been taking place since the beginning of the 20th century have resulted in or brought to focus the social problem and the the nascent features of the present day Indian society .

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• Social Development Goal And Social Stratification 

The horizontal division of society into higher and lower social units is called social stratification .

Division of society into various economic social political or religious classes is a basic features of society. 

Every type of division cannot be described as a stratification for example made division of society in two different religion communities is not a social stratification .

Inequality of status is a basic cried on for societies stratification .

While there are various theories on the origin of social stratification all are agreed the stratification is based on inequality .

Division of society into social classes may be based on criteria of birth wealth occupation education etc .

In the modern society we generally recognised the following classes capital list high upper middle lower middle low.

Further classification search as manager White Collar and blue collar worker etc may also be made according to to convenience .

The functional utility of class division in society that are generally altribute are stability of society and motivation and coordination of people .

In the Indian context cost is an important Criterion for society stratification .

Big caste system which might have originally evolved from the the varna system of the vedic Aryans has resulted in the division of society into a number of strata .

Inter relation between caste and class in the Indian context is matter on which scholar are divided in their opinions 

However it is undeniable the satisfaction the class stratification have been super imposed on Indian society 

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Social Development Skills And Social Mobility 

When a person family or group in a society which is stratified move up or down vertical mobility take place. 

a in this sense there can be no vertical mobility in the caste Harish in India expect through the process described as a Sanskritisation .

But the class hierarchy clearly permits vertical mobility .

Scenes class is based on status when status of a person or group changes his its class also may change .

Person may improve his status through education wealth political power or personal connections .

Some of the agent of social change which cause social mobility directly or indirectly our education economic development westernization and urbanization .

Horizontal mobility acquires mainly in the form of occupational mobility .

When a person gives up one equation profession or employment and takes up another which does not necessarily increases his economic or political power there is occupational mobility for example han medical practitioner in government service resign the job and set up private practice equational mobility occurs .

The Other types of mobility spatial mobility take place when a person or family changes is its normal place of Residence or work .

Seasonal and Temporary migration within the country and aboard also will result in hierarchy mobility .

As instance we make coat this is Null out- migration of agriculture labour or from a group of countries for definite periods .

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Social Development Issue And Westernisation 

Indian psychology the term westernization refers to the social changes that have acquired in Indian during the British rule and after .

The changes contemplated under this term over Lifestyle relating to eating racing dancing entertainment it is a mental aspect such as a knowledge of English literature and Science and value aspect like punctuality rationalism humanitarianism secularism etc .

Does the youth Revolt against author of way of living rejection of taboos regarding food and social relations ship taking in of Western habits and practices such as happy culture .

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Social Development Theory And  Sanskritisation 

This is a term introduced by the Indian sociologist to interpret the phenomenon in which the behaviour of person or a group in a society is inclusive and guided by a reference group .

In social logical purlins reference group is a group in society which is used as a standard to evaluate Vansh attitude customs rituals etc .

In the Indian context it is assume that some of the so called low cost Hindus or tribals at the custom rituals and ways of life of the twice born caste particularly the brahmins .

Some persons of a low-cost or a middle cast Mein practice vegetarianism and teetotalism with the false hope that after sometime probably after generations they will acquire a better status in the caste hierarchy .

Conclusion -

The sociologist are agreed that this process has very limited scope and Italy scenes any improvement in status in the Varna hierarchy is simply ruled out 

The basic differences between Sanskritisation  and westernization are clear. That's why everybody learn more social development theory keyword for network.

Casteism And Caste - Conflicts In India The Ugly Truth.

 Good morning friend, 

Casteism And Caste - Due to the lack of Love, Smile, Morality in the society responsible for Casteism and Caste Conflict, improving Caste System. 

Casteism And Caste  -  The term is conveniently used as a label to find fault with the people of backward caste who have recently awakened to they writes casteism has been practicing the down the age by the upper cut particularly the Brahmins during the British period the upper caste used to Corner almost all the jobs in the governments and in private sector the cast affiliation was the predominant consideration for requirement of personnel under the old regime since the establishment of democracy the backward classes and schedule caste who continues and overwhelming  majority of population in most part of India have been demanding their due share of the government post seats in educational institutions and positions in public life the Congress the communist parties and some other national parties whose top leadership accommodate very few persons of the majority of backward and depressed caste have made the maximum possible collective efforts to maintain the hegemonic of the brahmins and other upper caste in the National life .

Yet under the pressure of mass politics gradual concessions in favour of scheduled caste Scheduled Tribes and backward classes have been extracted the backward classes have now a days organised themselves through caste organisations in order to assert their political weight this phenomenon which is definitely caste based is dubbed as casteism by the upper castes or classes   who have grown intolerant of the rising stature of the backward majority in the country.

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Caste Definition 

Based on the age old old actress caste system with 4 its varnas numerous caste and subcaste the Indian society has always had the potential for exploitation based on this hereditary treat casteism is defined as attachment to once caste and allowing one perception and decisions to be crowded it cost consideration even today there are some who denounce casteism without condemning the caste system caste conflicts have taken new form in the post independence period oving to circumstances arising out of Democratic practice and setup.

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Caste system and Conflicts 

1. several forms of conflicts based on this cost 

2. atrocities on Harijan in the present context assertion of their rights by the backward caste and scheduled caste in rural areas is recent it too by the upper caste and dominant backward caste of the areas caste violence on schedule caste and minority backward classes in order to teach lesson 

3. reaction from the awakened and organises dual caste and backward classes in the form of Counter attack on the upper caste and organising for protection etc 

a search caste conflict quite common in the village of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar .

4. caste conflict between the dominant backward caste of the area instigated by the upper caste organisation and leaders and the minority difference caste gathering Momentum in states like Tamil Nadu Andhra Pradesh etc.

 5. another form of caste conflict is anti reservation and Pro reservation agitations.

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Agitation against Reservations Caste matters - 

5 reservation for backward classes in the context of mass politics the affected upper caste who had once more no polished practically all feat in educational institution and post in government in the name of merit have started fighting back in order to maintain their traditional stranglehold in 1981 the Parliament passed resolution unanimously that the constitutional protection for scheduled caste and tribes through reservation should continue without time limit as at present .

Agitation was directed against the reservation for scheduled caste and tribes the court in India had once fully backed the upper caste in curtailing the scope of reservation the present legal position is that caste based reservation can be made without limitation on the percentage - yet whenever reservation is made for backward classes on the basis of their population strength anti reservation agitation have been started by the vested interest search education success rate in Gujarat but did not success the match in Madhya Pradesh Andhra Pradesh etc .

If the anti reservation agitations in favour of privileged minority caste are allowed to succeed backlash in the form of reservation agitation by the difference from majority is bound to make more dangerous impact on the Indian polity.

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Religion and Politics, Casteism in India  

Mixing or religion and politics has become very common despite India basic commitment to secularism even Mahatma Gandhi can be accused of having mixed up the to although he did not wish to produce the disharmony among people through such mixing religion oriented political parties like Muslim League jansangh Akali Dal etc religious affiliation and cost of party members and the constituencies taken into account in choice of election candidates by National and state parties the short-term gains served by many political leaders in rousing the communal feelings the disgruntted leaders and dissident in ruling party for menting communal trouble I want only open identification of ruler and officers with communal organisations meeting and proper conduct during the last few years even the major political parties like the Congress approving blatantly communal arts in order to win the favour of the majority community formation of majority Wings in political parties in order to neuture vote banks.

Conversion Politics -

Definition conversion a religious phenomena how it gets politician in the context of recent mass conversion of Schedule Caste to Islam .

Legal position -

Protection given to conversion based on conviction restriction in the forms of freedom of religion X in some States prohibition of use of endorsement or treat for conversion no provision for beering conversion 

Mass conversion earlier there had been mass conversion to Buddhist aur Buddhism initiated by Dr BR Ambedkar conversion to Islam for Christianity individually going on mass conversion to Islam recent event efforts to counter such conversions in Tamilnadu and Andhra Pradesh 

Conclusion -

Political implication set back to the majority religion hence the UN cry demo graphic significance implications of elections and politicians who are unable to take side openly and Important political issue to divide the country some organisation exploring the situation to with up communal feelings a weapon for scheduled caste to express their political strains a new pressure tactic lack of confidence in government machinery involvement of foreign money. In this way in India remains mindly and internally problems of casteism and caste somebody human thinking tendency till now.

Inequality - Poverty Guideline Problem Of The Nation.

 Good morning friend, 

Inequality - Poverty :- Leave alone measurement even the concept of poverty is complicated and to solve the main issue of poverty is inequality

Inequality - Poverty :- Concept definition and estimate of poverty the difficulty in defining precisely  the poverty line the centre statistical organisation which has studied poverty recently concluded that study of inequality - poverty conducted by Bardhan Minhas Ojha Dandekar and Rath the estimate of poverty given by the the VII finance commission the latest definition and estimate given by VI plan document poverty line is defined as the midpoint of the monthly per capita expenditure class having daily calorie intake of 2400 per person in rural areas and 2100 in urban areas at 1984 - 85 prices the mid-point are  Rupees 107 in rural area and rupees 122 in urban areas according to formal definition in 1977 - 78 the percentage of people below the poverty line 51% in rural area 38% in urban area and 48% .

All India wide variation in the incidence of poverty among different States 4% in Nagaland 15% in Punjab and 66% in Orissa the definition of poverty As given about take into to account only the minimum food requirement other requirements like clothing housing excetra and are taken into account for the people below the poverty line average monthly consumption expenditure workout to rupees 53 where as the average monthly consumption for an Indian is only rupees 96 this shows that many people above the poverty line are not having a satisfactory standard of living.

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B)  Removal of poverty during the plan period :-

Removal of poverty recognised as an important aspect of Social Justice one of the basic objective of planning in India although general rise in the standard of living in face in the formulation of the plans no concrete programs where launcher to deal with poverty during the first three plans only during the fourth plan Ad Hoc measure were taken to make a direct impact on poverty minimum needs programme was made an integral part of fifth plan with an allotment of rupees 2607 crore this program was rain force in the six plan.

C)  VI Plan goods an anti poverty programmes :-

This VI plan deal with problem of poverty in three stages 1 identification and Measurement second development of Elastic targets third formulation of specific programs to match the target it is realised that the people below the poverty line generally have no assets are a little assets with very low productivity if you really want skill and no regular Jobs the target fixed by the 6 plan to reduce the percentage of people below the poverty line to 39% without any redistribution of consumption expenditure and to 30% with distribution of consumption expenditure through different anti poverty programmes the important anti poverty programmes of VI plan are IRDP , NREP special component plan for the treatment of the scheduled caste the integrated rural development programs is expected to covered 12 million household and to lift 61 million persons in rural areas about the poverty line nearly 6 million people in urban areas will also be brought about the poverty line NREP will supplement the Other anti poverty programs by providing jobs to the ruler poor during the slack season.

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Poverty In India 

D)  Minimum needs programme :-

The program which was introduced in the plan has been continued in the plan with the following components elementary education including adult education ruler health ruler water supply ruler roads ruler electrification housing assistance to ruler handles people urban slum improvement and nutrition the program is conclude essentially as investment in human resource development provision of free or subsidised services through public Agencies is expected to improve the consumption level of the people below poverty line and thereby improve their productive efficiency it has been found that without a program like this the benefits of most schemes may fail to reach the poorest section of the people the allotment in the VI plan rupees 5907 crore long-term objectives and targets for 1984 - 85 have been fixed in the case of most of the times the state governments have to include that bulk of the expenditure except in the programs ruler water supply ruler health and elementary education which the centre will make substantial contribution.

E)  Causes of feature to reduce poverty :-

a the main cause of poverty are under development and integrity in ruler areas poverty previous mainly among the agricultural labour and marginal farmer India won areas power 30 identified with people who are employed an unemployed and are migrant worker the impressive place on growth by the planets totally ignore the poverty of economic development no serious effort made to ensure that the benefits of the welfare scheme and economic assistance assistant reached  mainly the lowest section of the people reduction in inequality was not considered indispensable for an attack on mass poverty production and distribution where generally treated separately the concomitant comment problems relating to land for reforms inflection technological innovation resulted in the worsening of the poverty situation.

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Inequality How To Solve

F)  Equality in wealth and income :-

1. Bottom 20% of the population accounted for only 4% of the national income and the top five percent concurrent 31% during the poor household as one with asset less than rupees 2500 in 1971 the VI plan en-w many states that the percentage of such households has increased from 33 % in 1961 to 30% in 1971 

2. World bank has classified inequalities into three categories: inequality prevails in the country where the share of the lowest 40% of the population in national income in less than 12% moderate inequalities in countries where the lowest 40% of population have a shared between 12% and 17% of the national income low equality prevails in countries where the lowest 40% of the population accounts for more than 70% of the national income India where the bottom 40% of the population account for 30% in 1967 - 68 comes in the category of moderate inequality countries.

G) Concentration of wealth in India :-

The Mahalabobis committee on the distribution of income in its reports of 1964 has analysed the problem of concentration of economic power in India the mono policy enquiry Commission headed by yes that also dealt with the concentration of economic power of in India the main cause of the concentration of wealth was the prevalence of managing system which was abolished theoretically through the first Constitutional Amendment another cause of concentration intercompany investment third cause maybe conquering of new opportunities and licence of industrial development by well established business houses absence of encouragement to new entrepreneurs according to Datt Committee report concentration of economic power has accelerated economic growth and has supplied managerial skill of high quality in India

The report has been criticized on various accounts based on its recommendation mono policies and restrictive trade practices act of 1970 was passed the Act defines a Big Business House as one with total asset of interconnected undertaking amounting 2 Rupees 20 crore or more in 1975 it was found that as many as 203 atoms were controlled by single farm monopolies the restriction on MRTP companies have recently been relax very much to facilitate their setting of of industries in backward districts and for export promotion.

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H) Growth of monopoly capital and big business houses in India :-

Monopoly capital in the capital investment in joint operation or by a big business houses to acquire a dominant share in the corporate private sector stocks of industrial capital factor contributing to growth of monopoly capital are there control over Financial Institutions even after the nationalisation of banks their diversification and technological innovation government policy encouraging big business through tax incentive on various ground the role of public sector Financial Institutions like LIC and Industrial Development Bank of India grabbing of Business and industrial opportunities by big businesses houses through money Manipulation a few business houses are able to to control big companies even when their investment is very low for example Mafatlal group company in which family shareholding is less than 1% of the total assets Tata who sharing holding in their companies less than 0.4 % etc. big business houses have grown phenomenally since independence they have been allowed to invest in the crore sector following the Recommendation of the committee Tatas and Birlas having almost equal assets rupees 1500 crore each account for nearly 40% of the total asset of the top 20 business houses.

I)  Measures of check concentration of economic power :-

efforts taken by the government from time to time have had little impact on preventing growth of monopoly capital and concentration of economic power from of the measures are expansion of public sector government participation Indian large scale industries licensing system tightening of company administration encouragement of small and medium entrepreneurs use of taxation .

MRTP act imposition of ceiling of urban property through urban land ceiling and Regulation Act of 1976. Economic growth, social justice, self reliance and modernisation with inequality - poverty are the four primary objectives of planning in India.

Indian Economy - To Improve Time, Money Problem. .

Good morning friend, 

Indian Economy - Top Indian economy depends on farming and Rly. Indian economy website shows data of Indian economy growth with Indian economy status. 

Indian Economy - India a low income country - The countries of the world divided into advance and backward economics backward economy sometimes described as under developed Indian economy because of very low per capita income associated with them may also be described as poor country since the process of development has been initiated in these countries they are also known as developing country 

According to the recent World Bank classification the countries of the world divided into low income country middle income countries high income oil exporting countries industrial market economics non market industrial economic communist country the definition of low income countries as those having per capita GNP less than 410 in 1980 India per capita income being around Rash 2344 in 1980 to 85 India is a low income country.

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Indian Economy Is Free 

 

 

B) Characteristics of an underdeveloped economy one low per capita income too low levels of consumption and standard of living per capita consumption of electricity newspaper motor vehicle telephone etc very low intake of food just above the minimum for sustaining life lack of nutrition foods bulk of population suffering from malnutrition and illiteracy and living in hats 

C) Occupational pattern indicating that the majority of workers were engaged primary production 69% of the population engaged in agriculture which contributes about 40% of national income in an underdeveloped economy the share of income from the agriculture sector is less than the share of employment in agriculture for heavy population pressure high rate of growth of population density of population in many parts of India very high 5 privilege of chronic unemployment and under development in developed countries even a very low rate of of unemployment cause serious concern to the government not so in  an underdeveloped country.

D) Low rate of capital formation through the rate of present 22% in India is satisfactory it should increase for the production of capital goods rather lo 7 month distribution of wealth only 4% of households cornering 31% Abbey wealth in India at poor quality of human capital low level of literacy 36% in 1981 low quality of skill labour output for worker low compare 2 advanced countries 9 prevalence of low level Technology 10 poor economic organisation inadequate operation of by financial institution Marketing Services.

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On Indian Economy Facts 

 

E) Quality of population - 

The quality of population generally judged by the criteria of life expectancy the level of literacy and the level of Technical skill life expectancy in the India had increased from 41 years at birth to 55 years during the last three decades the level of literacy has increased from 24 % in 1961 to 36% now the number of technically qualified personal skilled and Semi skilled labour hour has increased manifold does a definite improvement in the quality of population however the general standard of the population rather low marked by ill health lack of education and lack of skills 

F) Population explosion -

The tremendous increase in population and in the growth rate of population during 1950 and 1916 has been described as population explosion the sudden increase of growth rate of two 2.5% in some area even to 3% signify add explosive situation to the causes of the population explosion are mainly to be found in the sharp decline in the date rate control of the the epidemic and communicable disease better health care and availability of modern medicine to the bulk of the population prenatal and postnatal care of women improve child health care and attention to important marginal increase in birth rate during this period attributable to slightly improved standards of nutrition and living among the lower classes of population the effect of birth control programs on growth rate of population negligible except in certain pockets in last few years.

G) Effect of population explosion -

Population explosion retarding economic development reduces per capita income and per capita availability of food increase in the burden of and productive consumer increase in unemployment increases in picture on social welfare Mirza like education health Medicare pressure of population on land effect of development nullified effects of the big size of the Family on the family itself disastrous.

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Indian Economy Growth At Present 

 

H) Malthusian theory -

The basic theory of multiple that population increases in geometric progression whereas food production increases in Arithmetic progression appears to be verified for India during 1950 and 1960

I)  Population Policy - 

1) since independence of government has recognised the need for Population Policy about the alarming increasing in growth rate Rapid decline in that rate is accompanied by proportional decreases in birth rate the effect of such demographic situation on the economy of a country can be cal Amita hence the government family planning and population policies

                                       

2) a brief history of family planning in India exclusion two family planning during the first three plan negligible they approach of the government based on Persuasion from individual to individual not very successful Step Up in the family planning programme and scheme since the the 4 plan during the 5 Plan occlusion of 1010 crore of Family Welfare operation of the birth control method by using compulsion during the emergency in 1975 - 77 its adverse effect continued till 1982. 

                                            

3) VI Plan objectives the long term demographic goal of India is to reduce the net reproduction rate NRR by 1996 for the whole country and by 2001 for each of the states the present level of net reproduction rate is 1.65 the birth rate for thousand to be reduced from 33 in 1978 to 21 and death rate to be reduced form 16 in 1981 to 9% per thousand by the end of the century 60% of The Eligible couple to be protected the target of birth rate for the VI plan is is 25% per thousand which is unlikely to be relied for the country as a whole The Other target envisaged by the VI plan are 22 million sterilization 8 million IUD insertions and protection to 36% eligible couple.

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Big Buddha Symbol - Statue Found Pak Region. 

Indian Economy Today 2020

J) Strategy and programmes of family planning -

The basic strategy of making the family planning programme a part of the total National efforts for providing a better life to the people family planning is not to be the sole responsibility of any one department of the government all government departments are to be involved use of education for promoting family planning integrated approach and coordination of all activities including maternal and Child Health Care Education and nutrition involvement of agencies use of incentives monetary service and other provision of Health Services along with the birth control measures of sterilisation or insertion use of scientific innovations like laparoscopic operation.

K)   Choice of methods  -

India has adopted the cafeteria approach two family planning wild choice of method terminal method like sterilization non terminal methods like IUD condom and oral pill the choice left to the couple without Corporation aphids to to remove misapprehension about the non efficacy or side effects of any of the method the use of operation medical termination of pregnancy is not an accepted method of family planning however it is the legal and certain benefits are attached to it.

L)  Motivation  -

Motivation and important part of the family planning drive motivation of family planning workers officials and doctors involvement of voluntary Agencies motivation of Industrial and other establishment extension education.

M) The latest family planning efforts  -

Recently the Government of India announced a number of new insane incentive compensation to acceptor has been substantially increased up distribution of green cards to the acceptor of the terminal method of guaranteed professional treatment by government wherever hay fever monetary rewards in the forms of community effort to asset to identifiable group cash ward for the best performing state establishment of health outpost in congested urban area and slums the government had decided not to Resort to distinctive in furtherance of Family Welfare programme .

Conclusion :-

Latest review of the family planning effort indicates satisfactory results main state have exceeded the target in 1982 - 83. This is the indicators of the Indian economy.