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Sunday 23 August 2020

Casteism And Caste - Conflicts In India The Ugly Truth.

 Good morning friend, 


Casteism And Caste



Casteism And Caste - Due to the lack of Love, Smile, Morality in the society responsible for Casteism and Caste Conflict, improving Caste System


Casteism And Caste  -  The term is conveniently used as a label to find fault with the people of backward caste who have recently awakened to they writes casteism has been practicing the down the age by the upper cut particularly the Brahmins during the British period the upper caste used to Corner almost all the jobs in the governments and in private sector the cast affiliation was the predominant consideration for requirement of personnel under the old regime since the establishment of democracy the backward classes and schedule caste who continues and overwhelming  majority of population in most part of India have been demanding their due share of the government post seats in educational institutions and positions in public life the Congress the communist parties and some other national parties whose top leadership accommodate very few persons of the majority of backward and depressed caste have made the maximum possible collective efforts to maintain the hegemonic of the brahmins and other upper caste in the National life .

Yet under the pressure of mass politics gradual concessions in favour of scheduled caste Scheduled Tribes and backward classes have been extracted the backward classes have now a days organised themselves through caste organisations in order to assert their political weight this phenomenon which is definitely caste based is dubbed as casteism by the upper castes or classes   who have grown intolerant of the rising stature of the backward majority in the country.


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Inequality - Poverty Guideline Problem Of The Nation.


Caste Definition 


Caste Definition -


Based on the age old old actress caste system with 4 its varnas numerous caste and subcaste the Indian society has always had the potential for exploitation based on this hereditary treat casteism is defined as attachment to once caste and allowing one perception and decisions to be crowded it cost consideration even today there are some who denounce casteism without condemning the caste system caste conflicts have taken new form in the post independence period oving to circumstances arising out of Democratic practice and setup.

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Caste system and Conflicts 


Caste system and Conflicts



1. several forms of conflicts based on this cost 

2. atrocities on Harijan in the present context assertion of their rights by the backward caste and scheduled caste in rural areas is recent it too by the upper caste and dominant backward caste of the areas caste violence on schedule caste and minority backward classes in order to teach lesson 

3. reaction from the awakened and organises dual caste and backward classes in the form of Counter attack on the upper caste and organising for protection etc 

a search caste conflict quite common in the village of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar .

4. caste conflict between the dominant backward caste of the area instigated by the upper caste organisation and leaders and the minority difference caste gathering Momentum in states like Tamil Nadu Andhra Pradesh etc.

 5. another form of caste conflict is anti reservation and Pro reservation agitations.


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Agitation against Reservations Caste matters - 


Caste matters -


5 reservation for backward classes in the context of mass politics the affected upper caste who had once more no polished practically all feat in educational institution and post in government in the name of merit have started fighting back in order to maintain their traditional stranglehold in 1981 the Parliament passed resolution unanimously that the constitutional protection for scheduled caste and tribes through reservation should continue without time limit as at present .

Agitation was directed against the reservation for scheduled caste and tribes the court in India had once fully backed the upper caste in curtailing the scope of reservation the present legal position is that caste based reservation can be made without limitation on the percentage - yet whenever reservation is made for backward classes on the basis of their population strength anti reservation agitation have been started by the vested interest search education success rate in Gujarat but did not success the match in Madhya Pradesh Andhra Pradesh etc .

If the anti reservation agitations in favour of privileged minority caste are allowed to succeed backlash in the form of reservation agitation by the difference from majority is bound to make more dangerous impact on the Indian polity.

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Culture Of India - Religion, Secularism Language History Problems.

Religion and Politics, Casteism in India  

Casteism in India  -


Mixing or religion and politics has become very common despite India basic commitment to secularism even Mahatma Gandhi can be accused of having mixed up the to although he did not wish to produce the disharmony among people through such mixing religion oriented political parties like Muslim League jansangh Akali Dal etc religious affiliation and cost of party members and the constituencies taken into account in choice of election candidates by National and state parties the short-term gains served by many political leaders in rousing the communal feelings the disgruntted leaders and dissident in ruling party for menting communal trouble I want only open identification of ruler and officers with communal organisations meeting and proper conduct during the last few years even the major political parties like the Congress approving blatantly communal arts in order to win the favour of the majority community formation of majority Wings in political parties in order to neuture vote banks.



Conversion Politics -


Definition conversion a religious phenomena how it gets politician in the context of recent mass conversion of Schedule Caste to Islam .


Legal position -


Protection given to conversion based on conviction restriction in the forms of freedom of religion X in some States prohibition of use of endorsement or treat for conversion no provision for beering conversion 

Mass conversion earlier there had been mass conversion to Buddhist aur Buddhism initiated by Dr BR Ambedkar conversion to Islam for Christianity individually going on mass conversion to Islam recent event efforts to counter such conversions in Tamilnadu and Andhra Pradesh 

Conclusion -

Political implication set back to the majority religion hence the UN cry demo graphic significance implications of elections and politicians who are unable to take side openly and Important political issue to divide the country some organisation exploring the situation to with up communal feelings a weapon for scheduled caste to express their political strains a new pressure tactic lack of confidence in government machinery involvement of foreign money. In this way in India remains mindly and internally problems of casteism and caste somebody human thinking tendency till now.

Friday 14 August 2020

Inequality - Poverty Guideline Problem Of The Nation.

 Good morning friend, 

Inequality - Poverty


Inequality - Poverty :- Leave alone measurement even the concept of poverty is complicated and to solve the main issue of poverty is inequality



Inequality - Poverty :- Concept definition and estimate of poverty the difficulty in defining precisely  the poverty line the centre statistical organisation which has studied poverty recently concluded that study of inequality - poverty conducted by Bardhan Minhas Ojha Dandekar and Rath the estimate of poverty given by the the VII finance commission the latest definition and estimate given by VI plan document poverty line is defined as the midpoint of the monthly per capita expenditure class having daily calorie intake of 2400 per person in rural areas and 2100 in urban areas at 1984 - 85 prices the mid-point are  Rupees 107 in rural area and rupees 122 in urban areas according to formal definition in 1977 - 78 the percentage of people below the poverty line 51% in rural area 38% in urban area and 48% .


All India wide variation in the incidence of poverty among different States 4% in Nagaland 15% in Punjab and 66% in Orissa the definition of poverty As given about take into to account only the minimum food requirement other requirements like clothing housing excetra and are taken into account for the people below the poverty line average monthly consumption expenditure workout to rupees 53 where as the average monthly consumption for an Indian is only rupees 96 this shows that many people above the poverty line are not having a satisfactory standard of living.


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Indian Economy - To Improve Time, Money Problem. 



Inequality In India 



Inequality In India

B)  Removal of poverty during the plan period :-

Removal of poverty recognised as an important aspect of Social Justice one of the basic objective of planning in India although general rise in the standard of living in face in the formulation of the plans no concrete programs where launcher to deal with poverty during the first three plans only during the fourth plan Ad Hoc measure were taken to make a direct impact on poverty minimum needs programme was made an integral part of fifth plan with an allotment of rupees 2607 crore this program was rain force in the six plan.


C)  VI Plan goods an anti poverty programmes :-

This VI plan deal with problem of poverty in three stages 1 identification and Measurement second development of Elastic targets third formulation of specific programs to match the target it is realised that the people below the poverty line generally have no assets are a little assets with very low productivity if you really want skill and no regular Jobs the target fixed by the 6 plan to reduce the percentage of people below the poverty line to 39% without any redistribution of consumption expenditure and to 30% with distribution of consumption expenditure through different anti poverty programmes the important anti poverty programmes of VI plan are IRDP , NREP special component plan for the treatment of the scheduled caste the integrated rural development programs is expected to covered 12 million household and to lift 61 million persons in rural areas about the poverty line nearly 6 million people in urban areas will also be brought about the poverty line NREP will supplement the Other anti poverty programs by providing jobs to the ruler poor during the slack season.


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Poverty In India 


Poverty In India

D)  Minimum needs programme :-


The program which was introduced in the plan has been continued in the plan with the following components elementary education including adult education ruler health ruler water supply ruler roads ruler electrification housing assistance to ruler handles people urban slum improvement and nutrition the program is conclude essentially as investment in human resource development provision of free or subsidised services through public Agencies is expected to improve the consumption level of the people below poverty line and thereby improve their productive efficiency it has been found that without a program like this the benefits of most schemes may fail to reach the poorest section of the people the allotment in the VI plan rupees 5907 crore long-term objectives and targets for 1984 - 85 have been fixed in the case of most of the times the state governments have to include that bulk of the expenditure except in the programs ruler water supply ruler health and elementary education which the centre will make substantial contribution.


E)  Causes of feature to reduce poverty :-


a the main cause of poverty are under development and integrity in ruler areas poverty previous mainly among the agricultural labour and marginal farmer India won areas power 30 identified with people who are employed an unemployed and are migrant worker the impressive place on growth by the planets totally ignore the poverty of economic development no serious effort made to ensure that the benefits of the welfare scheme and economic assistance assistant reached  mainly the lowest section of the people reduction in inequality was not considered indispensable for an attack on mass poverty production and distribution where generally treated separately the concomitant comment problems relating to land for reforms inflection technological innovation resulted in the worsening of the poverty situation.


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Culture Of India - Religion, Secularism Language History Problems.


Inequality How To Solve


Inequality How To Solve

F)  Equality in wealth and income :-


1. Bottom 20% of the population accounted for only 4% of the national income and the top five percent concurrent 31% during the poor household as one with asset less than rupees 2500 in 1971 the VI plan en-w many states that the percentage of such households has increased from 33 % in 1961 to 30% in 1971 


2. World bank has classified inequalities into three categories: inequality prevails in the country where the share of the lowest 40% of the population in national income in less than 12% moderate inequalities in countries where the lowest 40% of population have a shared between 12% and 17% of the national income low equality prevails in countries where the lowest 40% of the population accounts for more than 70% of the national income India where the bottom 40% of the population account for 30% in 1967 - 68 comes in the category of moderate inequality countries.


G) Concentration of wealth in India :-


The Mahalabobis committee on the distribution of income in its reports of 1964 has analysed the problem of concentration of economic power in India the mono policy enquiry Commission headed by yes that also dealt with the concentration of economic power of in India the main cause of the concentration of wealth was the prevalence of managing system which was abolished theoretically through the first Constitutional Amendment another cause of concentration intercompany investment third cause maybe conquering of new opportunities and licence of industrial development by well established business houses absence of encouragement to new entrepreneurs according to Datt Committee report concentration of economic power has accelerated economic growth and has supplied managerial skill of high quality in India

The report has been criticized on various accounts based on its recommendation mono policies and restrictive trade practices act of 1970 was passed the Act defines a Big Business House as one with total asset of interconnected undertaking amounting 2 Rupees 20 crore or more in 1975 it was found that as many as 203 atoms were controlled by single farm monopolies the restriction on MRTP companies have recently been relax very much to facilitate their setting of of industries in backward districts and for export promotion.


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Poverty Define 


Poverty Define

H) Growth of monopoly capital and big business houses in India :-


Monopoly capital in the capital investment in joint operation or by a big business houses to acquire a dominant share in the corporate private sector stocks of industrial capital factor contributing to growth of monopoly capital are there control over Financial Institutions even after the nationalisation of banks their diversification and technological innovation government policy encouraging big business through tax incentive on various ground the role of public sector Financial Institutions like LIC and Industrial Development Bank of India grabbing of Business and industrial opportunities by big businesses houses through money Manipulation a few business houses are able to to control big companies even when their investment is very low for example Mafatlal group company in which family shareholding is less than 1% of the total assets Tata who sharing holding in their companies less than 0.4 % etc. big business houses have grown phenomenally since independence they have been allowed to invest in the crore sector following the Recommendation of the committee Tatas and Birlas having almost equal assets rupees 1500 crore each account for nearly 40% of the total asset of the top 20 business houses.



I)  Measures of check concentration of economic power :-


efforts taken by the government from time to time have had little impact on preventing growth of monopoly capital and concentration of economic power from of the measures are expansion of public sector government participation Indian large scale industries licensing system tightening of company administration encouragement of small and medium entrepreneurs use of taxation .

MRTP act imposition of ceiling of urban property through urban land ceiling and Regulation Act of 1976. Economic growth, social justice, self reliance and modernisation with inequality - poverty are the four primary objectives of planning in India.

Wednesday 5 August 2020

Indian Economy - To Improve Time, Money Problem. .

Good morning friend, 


Indian Economy

Indian Economy - Top Indian economy depends on farming and Rly. Indian economy website shows data of Indian economy growth with Indian economy status


Indian Economy - India a low income country - The countries of the world divided into advance and backward economics backward economy sometimes described as under developed Indian economy because of very low per capita income associated with them may also be described as poor country since the process of development has been initiated in these countries they are also known as developing country 


According to the recent World Bank classification the countries of the world divided into low income country middle income countries high income oil exporting countries industrial market economics non market industrial economic communist country the definition of low income countries as those having per capita GNP less than 410 in 1980 India per capita income being around Rash 2344 in 1980 to 85 India is a low income country.

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Indian Economy Is Free 


 

Indian Economy Is Free
 


B) Characteristics of an underdeveloped economy one low per capita income too low levels of consumption and standard of living per capita consumption of electricity newspaper motor vehicle telephone etc very low intake of food just above the minimum for sustaining life lack of nutrition foods bulk of population suffering from malnutrition and illiteracy and living in hats 


C) Occupational pattern indicating that the majority of workers were engaged primary production 69% of the population engaged in agriculture which contributes about 40% of national income in an underdeveloped economy the share of income from the agriculture sector is less than the share of employment in agriculture for heavy population pressure high rate of growth of population density of population in many parts of India very high 5 privilege of chronic unemployment and under development in developed countries even a very low rate of of unemployment cause serious concern to the government not so in  an underdeveloped country.

D) Low rate of capital formation through the rate of present 22% in India is satisfactory it should increase for the production of capital goods rather lo 7 month distribution of wealth only 4% of households cornering 31% Abbey wealth in India at poor quality of human capital low level of literacy 36% in 1981 low quality of skill labour output for worker low compare 2 advanced countries 9 prevalence of low level Technology 10 poor economic organisation inadequate operation of by financial institution Marketing Services.

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On Indian Economy Facts 


On Indian Economy Facts
 


E) Quality of population - 

The quality of population generally judged by the criteria of life expectancy the level of literacy and the level of Technical skill life expectancy in the India had increased from 41 years at birth to 55 years during the last three decades the level of literacy has increased from 24 % in 1961 to 36% now the number of technically qualified personal skilled and Semi skilled labour hour has increased manifold does a definite improvement in the quality of population however the general standard of the population rather low marked by ill health lack of education and lack of skills 

F) Population explosion -

The tremendous increase in population and in the growth rate of population during 1950 and 1916 has been described as population explosion the sudden increase of growth rate of two 2.5% in some area even to 3% signify add explosive situation to the causes of the population explosion are mainly to be found in the sharp decline in the date rate control of the the epidemic and communicable disease better health care and availability of modern medicine to the bulk of the population prenatal and postnatal care of women improve child health care and attention to important marginal increase in birth rate during this period attributable to slightly improved standards of nutrition and living among the lower classes of population the effect of birth control programs on growth rate of population negligible except in certain pockets in last few years.



G) Effect of population explosion -

Population explosion retarding economic development reduces per capita income and per capita availability of food increase in the burden of and productive consumer increase in unemployment increases in picture on social welfare Mirza like education health Medicare pressure of population on land effect of development nullified effects of the big size of the Family on the family itself disastrous.

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Indian Economy Growth At Present 


Indian Economy Growth
 


H) Malthusian theory -

The basic theory of multiple that population increases in geometric progression whereas food production increases in Arithmetic progression appears to be verified for India during 1950 and 1960



I)  Population Policy - 

1) since independence of government has recognised the need for Population Policy about the alarming increasing in growth rate Rapid decline in that rate is accompanied by proportional decreases in birth rate the effect of such demographic situation on the economy of a country can be cal Amita hence the government family planning and population policies
                                       
2) a brief history of family planning in India exclusion two family planning during the first three plan negligible they approach of the government based on Persuasion from individual to individual not very successful Step Up in the family planning programme and scheme since the the 4 plan during the 5 Plan occlusion of 1010 crore of Family Welfare operation of the birth control method by using compulsion during the emergency in 1975 - 77 its adverse effect continued till 1982. 

                                            
3) VI Plan objectives the long term demographic goal of India is to reduce the net reproduction rate NRR by 1996 for the whole country and by 2001 for each of the states the present level of net reproduction rate is 1.65 the birth rate for thousand to be reduced from 33 in 1978 to 21 and death rate to be reduced form 16 in 1981 to 9% per thousand by the end of the century 60% of The Eligible couple to be protected the target of birth rate for the VI plan is is 25% per thousand which is unlikely to be relied for the country as a whole The Other target envisaged by the VI plan are 22 million sterilization 8 million IUD insertions and protection to 36% eligible couple.

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Indian Economy Today 2020


Indian Economy Today 2020


J) Strategy and programmes of family planning -

The basic strategy of making the family planning programme a part of the total National efforts for providing a better life to the people family planning is not to be the sole responsibility of any one department of the government all government departments are to be involved use of education for promoting family planning integrated approach and coordination of all activities including maternal and Child Health Care Education and nutrition involvement of agencies use of incentives monetary service and other provision of Health Services along with the birth control measures of sterilisation or insertion use of scientific innovations like laparoscopic operation.

K)   Choice of methods  -

India has adopted the cafeteria approach two family planning wild choice of method terminal method like sterilization non terminal methods like IUD condom and oral pill the choice left to the couple without Corporation aphids to to remove misapprehension about the non efficacy or side effects of any of the method the use of operation medical termination of pregnancy is not an accepted method of family planning however it is the legal and certain benefits are attached to it.

L)  Motivation  -

Motivation and important part of the family planning drive motivation of family planning workers officials and doctors involvement of voluntary Agencies motivation of Industrial and other establishment extension education.

M) The latest family planning efforts  -

Recently the Government of India announced a number of new insane incentive compensation to acceptor has been substantially increased up distribution of green cards to the acceptor of the terminal method of guaranteed professional treatment by government wherever hay fever monetary rewards in the forms of community effort to asset to identifiable group cash ward for the best performing state establishment of health outpost in congested urban area and slums the government had decided not to Resort to distinctive in furtherance of Family Welfare programme .

Conclusion :-

Latest review of the family planning effort indicates satisfactory results main state have exceeded the target in 1982 - 83. This is the indicators of the Indian economy

Sunday 2 August 2020

Culture - Use To Improve Sources Of Inspiration.

Good morning friend,

Culture


Culture India - No culture can be immune to change The new cleavages introduce in the society by modernization along class, rural and urban lines.




Culture India  - Thick composite culture of India has undergone modernization to some extent and the impact of modernization contrary to the common belief husband wholly good and has been in the direction of strengthening the culture unity of India.


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Culture Of India - Religion, Secularism Language History Problems.


The Impact Of Modernisation 


The Impact Of Modernisation


Today Indians in general the educated Indians in particular share common political ideas and take part in common political process.

These modern ideas and institutions have created a common Outlook in all Indians the like of which I was never experienced before.

The political leaders and statesmen at the national level today exercise and improves that could never have been dreamt of the most powerful ruler in the past.

Still Gator has been the impact of modern mode of living on the Indian culture.

Food and dress habits of the people have been considerable e affected by the modern Civilization which had its origin in Europe and America.

There is an all round tendency to imitate and to adopt the Western style of living.

The Western Civilization with its emphasis on materialism and comfort cannot but make more and more inroads into any tradition bound culture for the simple reason that the former makes life more comfortable.

Most of the Indian godmen,  philosopher and custodians of culture have taken to modern means of comfort and luxury.

So it is too much to expect that the mass of Indians will stick to their old ways of life discarding their allurements  material comfort.

It is an an irony that the more the the Indians adopt the Western style of Living the stronger will be the culture unity of India.

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New Attitudes 


New Attitudes


In the  context of building a new Indian culture for the future the attitude which we have already any inherited to some extent from contact with the western culture become very important.

Some of these attitudes might have had there moorings in the accent Indian culture heritage birthday really 12 fact is that this attitude in the form suitable for the modern age have to be widely diffused to create a strong and United India and to  evolve a suitable culture for the all future.

Foremost among these attitude is the scientific attitude or scientific temper that now find a place in our constitution.

Along with scientific temper goes rationalism.

The scientific temper is necessary not only to make the fullest use of science and technology in the modern world and to produce more and more first-rate scientist in the country but also to find meaningful solution to our numerous problems and to get rid of a host of superstitions and obscurantism practices which keep the mass of people mentally backward in spite of the material progress .

Revivalism and obscurantism have got a new lease of life in India since independence.

If allowed to profilerate, they will not only take the country backward but imperil the fragile unity of India .


Since we have accepted the idea of secular democratic and socialist state our culture values and ideas have to be modified suitable.

Every model state has to work for industrial progressive.

Send the modern concept of democracy socialism and secularism and the industrial and the urban culture are of Western origin we need not be shy of understanding them in the proper perspective and shy away from taking the good elements in them.

In fact we should learn from others even as he Other countries are expected to learn from.

This does not mean that we should not adapt the new attitude according to our needs and circumstances and to fit the genius of our people.

The modern democracy required for its success respect for individual Liberty readiness to abide by the rule of the game offence of liberalism and in word discipline on the part of the citizenry.

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New Attitudes


These attitudes have to be cultivated systematically in the mass of citizens. Socialism can be realised in a democracy only if there is a substantial change in the outlook and value of the people.

It is the lack of this change that is at the root of our failure on the socialist front in spite of all our profession of commitment to socialism.

Vested interest in the country are too many and the masses have not awakened to the new values and Herbs that are necessary for the proper implementations of socialism.

The industrial culture and city life have their own compulsion people cannot but adjust to them.

Mechanical life and daily routine are implicit in the industrial and urban culture people have naturally force to accept new values and aspirations of life like punctuality official promotions etc.

All these cultural elements in herent in modernization have the curious effect off Unity Indian culturally cutting across the traditional division factors such as reason language cast etc it cannot be denied that simultaneously they have divided Indians along new line as we shall presently see.


Harmony Of Class Cultures, Rural And Urban Cultures -




The new cleavages introduce in the society by modernization along class lines and rural and urban lines.

Antagonism has slowly been built between the Elite and masses the educated and the uneducated .

However there is no tussle as such between the groups seen on the one hand the elite and educated themselves claim to champion the cause of masses and the uneducated and on the other hand the Assumed culture Superiority of the former over the letter hardly any scope of the tussle.

The masses and the uneducated have to look up to the light and they educated for leadership in cultural matter .

However the culture of the upper and Middle classes can no more be projected as the National culture of India.

In the past the Aristocrats and the upper class might have claimed to have been the touch bearers of the culture of any country.

Now a days not only the middle classes who constituted a sizable section of the society as opposed to the upper classes who form a small section of the population but even the lower classes including backward classes and depression people cannot be ignored on the culture Arena.

What your might have been the situation in the past culture cannot be regarded as the privilege of any class how you are gifted or talented it may be

Search an other options will go against the basic knots of democracy and socialism.

So culture has to be defined as the harmonious expression of human values common to all the fiction communities and the class of India

This will mean that individual will have full freedom to develop his talent and to create art and culture what will not be allowed to flourish at the cost of others all too to disparage certain sections of this society as inferior to him and his community.

Also due wastage will be given to the culture creation values and practices of the different sections of the society in defining the composite culture of India.

Harmony Of Class Cultures, Rural And Urban Cultures -
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Whatever has been said above regarding the present imbalance between culture of classes will mutatis  apply to the imbalance between rural and urban culture of India also.

The corrective to be applied is the proper recognise actions of the importance of the ruler culture that is prevalent among 80% of the population.

Conclusion :- 

The good features of the ruler culture should be preferred and projected as the culture elements worthy of emulation even as the good aspect of urban culture are brought within the reach of the ruler masses do proper social and economic development.


The role of cinema a powerful cultural medium in the stars is far from satisfactory.